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Bethink is older than it looks
Bethink descends from Old English beþencan, formed with be- and þencan, the ancestor of think. Old English and Middle English evidence gives senses including thinking about, considering, remembering, reflecting, and pondering.
The word often became reflexive: to bethink oneself is to recall or bring something under consideration. Its inherited strong forms survive in bethought, used for both the past tense and past participle.
Incumbent came through Anglo-French from Latin incumbens, the present participle of incumbere, to lie, lean, or press upon. Incumbere combined in-, on or upon, with a verb related to cubare, to lie down.
What lay upon a person could be a duty, making a task incumbent upon someone. Medieval Latin also used the participle for a holder of a church benefice; English extended that occupant from ecclesiastical office to any current officeholder.